What is Tuberculosis? Tuberculosis (TB) is an infection caused by slow-growing bacteria. It commonly affects the lungs, but can also affect the kidneys, brain, or spine. It is preventable and can be cured by treatment with antibiotics. Like many airborne illnesses, TB is contagious and spreads when a person who has active TB breathes out air that has the TB bacteria in it. An infected person releases even more bacteria through laughing, coughing, or sneezing. TB bacterium grows best in areas of the body that have lots of blood and oxygen. That’s why it is most often found in the lungs. This is called pulmonary TB. But TB can also spread to other parts of the body, which is called extrapulmonary TB. Symptoms of Tuberculosis If you have TB, you might have:
- A bad cough that lasts longer than two weeks and makes you cough up blood or phlegm sometimes.
- Chest pain, weakness, or tiredness.
- Lack of appetite, weight loss.
- Chills, fever, and night sweats.
If you have symptoms or have been exposed to someone with TB, call your health care provider or Health Link at 8-1-1. If you do not have a family doctor, visit Alberta Find a doctor. Who is Most at Risk for Tuberculosis? Some people are more at risk for TB than others. This includes those who:
- Have been around people known or suspected to have TB.
- Have had TB in the past but did not complete treatment as prescribed.
- Live or work in a community with high rates of TB.
- Visit and stay in countries with high rates of TB.
- Have a weakened immune system.
If you don’t have stable, safe, permanent housing or have trouble finding health care (for example, you live in a remote area) you may be at higher risk of getting TB. How is Tuberculosis Treated? Treatment is often a success, but it is a long process. It usually takes about six to nine months to treat TB. But some TB infections need to be treated for up to two years. In most cases, your health care provider will combine four antibiotics to treat active TB. It’s important to take the prescribed medicine for active TB for at least six months. Almost all individuals with TB are cured if they take their medicine as prescribed. If tests still show active TB after six months, then treatment continues for another two or three months. If the TB bacteria are resistant to several antibiotics (multidrug-resistant TB), then treatment may be needed for a year or longer. If active TB is not treated, it can damage your lungs or other organs and can be deadly. You can also spread TB by not treating it and seeking proper care. Did you know? In 2023, there were approximately 245 active cases of TB in Alberta, according to AHS TB Services.
