by Recovery Alberta – Community Health Promotion Services
One of the major differences between teen and adult brains can be found in the brain’s reward system, which is why youth are at a higher risk for harm connected to substance use or other risk-taking behaviours. Adolescents have higher levels of activation in the areas of the brain that are important in making us feel good, encouraging them to seek risk and reward.
Dopamine is commonly referred to as the “feel good” chemical in our brain that provides intense feelings of reward. So how does this differ between teen and adult brains? For teens, the baseline levels of dopamine are lower, but the release is higher. This means that youth tend to say they are “bored” unless they are actively involved in something rewarding or thrilling. This can also explain impulsive decision making and how some behaviours occur without thoughtful reflection. The desire for a stronger reward gets in the way of them to pause and critically think, problem solve or expect consequences. It is important for youth to learn and then practice pausing and reflecting on what they are doing. Let’s teach youth to “pump the brakes” when making decisions.
This is one of the many things that are happening during brain development. Understanding the process will assist with supporting youth to help them thrive at an individual, relationship, school, and community level.
